One of America’s Oldest
and Largest Folk Festivals

In 1952, Mrs. Ada Holding Miller, President of the National Federation of Music Clubs was attending a Florida Federation of Music Clubs Spring Convention as guest speaker in White Springs. Following a tour of the Stephen Foster Memorial (now known as Stephen Foster Folk Culture Center State Park), Mrs. Miller suggested to Mrs. (W.A.) Lillian Saunders of White Springs that the grounds of the Stephen Foster Memorial would be an ideal setting to hold a folk festival.

Mrs. Saunders presented the idea to the Stephen Foster Memorial Commission and they approved. The Commission contacted Sara Gertrude Knott of Princeton, Kentucky, who at that time was the most experienced individual in the United States on presenting folk festivals. Sara Gertrude Knott, founder of the National Folk Festival, met with the Stephen Foster Memorial Commission and agreed to come back to coordinate a festival the following year. She arrived in late December 1952, and worked long hours to bring together as many ethnic groups in Florida as possible.

The Florida Folk Festival Association was organized in 1953. The officers were:
J.L. McMullen, President
Helen Bixler, Secretary
Cary A. Hardee, Treasurer

McMullen served 4 years as President and was succeeded by Aubrey Fowler of Live Oak. J.L. McMullen was active in many state organizations including President of the State Association of Court Clerks and President of the Florida Jaycees.

Helen Bixler was Executive Secretary of the Suwannee Chamber of Commerce.

Cary Hardee was Owner and President of a Live Oak bank. He also served as Governor of the State of Florida from 1920-1924.

The 1953 Florida Folk Festival was officially sponsored byt the Florida Folk Festival Association for more than 10 years.

Four months later the ring of the old school bell and the call of a town crier opened the Festival against a backdrop of huge pines and moss-draped oaks and magnolias. By the time the last program ended at sunset, two and one-half days later, the Festival had presented Minorcans, Seminole and Miccosukee Indians, Greek-Americans, Jewish-Americans, Czech-Americans, Spanish-Americans, African-Americans and Florida Crackers.

School groups performed singing games, square-dancing, folk singing, Maypole dancing, rope skipping rhymes, and string band music; and individuals and groups of adults presented ballads, superstitions, fiddle and harmonica tunes, musical saw playing, folk tales and sacred harp songs.

With the closing of the first Florida Folk Festival on May 10, 1953, Floridians had been introduced to themselves and to their visitors in a way they had never known before. When it was over, all agreed that the first Florida Folk Festival was a success to be repeated annually. As Miss Knott wrote for the 1969 program, “Little did we dream when the first two years of the Florida Folk Festival had passed, with the young Festival roots in the soil of the state, that a few years hence, the Sunshine State would have developed a real Florida Folk Festival peculiar to that state alone.”

Miss Knott directed the first two Florida Folk Festivals, but she asked after the second that the Commission begin searching for her replacement. The Florida Folk Festival Association met with the Stephen Foster Memorial Commission and stressed that they felt the Florida Folk Festival should be directed by a Floridian and presented the name of one of the performers, Miss Thelma A. Boltin of Gainesville, Director of Programs for the City’s Recreation Department. Miss Boltin had been a participant in the first two festivals as a storyteller relating her famous Old Knocker family ghost tales and The Legend of the Spanish Moss.

Miss Boltin was contracted in 1954 to direct the Festival. She moved to White Springs in 1956, when she was employed full time as director of special events at the Stephen Foster Memorial and lived there until the late 1970s. Miss Boltin traveled countless thousands of miles, in-state and out-of-state seeking talent and ways to improve the Festival.

Miss Boltin presented her program called “Florida Lore in Song and Story” to hundreds of school children and civic organizations throughout Florida and South Georgia. Over the years she became the first lady of the Florida Folk Festival, affectionately known as ‘Cousin Thelma’ to the thousands of people who attended the festival from 1955 to 1986. It was evident to all who attended that Thelma Boltin was a legend at the Florida Folk Festival, as she introduced every act with homespun sincerity for each performer or group who appeared on the stage. In 1986 Miss Boltin began sharing her Mistress of Ceremony duties with other long-time festival performers.

After the Florida Department of State established the Bureau of Florida Folklife Programs in White Springs in 1976, they coordinated the Festival until 1995.  At that time, the Florida Folklife Program was re-located to Tallahassee and general festival administration was undertaken by the Museum of Florida History—though the Florida Folklife Program continued to coordinate the Folklife and Apprenticeship Areas.  

In 2002, the Florida Park Service assumed full responsibility for coordinating and producing the Annual Florida Folk Festival, beginning with the 50th anniversary presentation that year.

Photo Gallery From Our Storied Past

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